Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionize research. I analyze how large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT can assist researchers by describing dozens of use cases in six areas: ideation and feedback, writing, background research, data analysis, coding, and mathematical derivations. I provide general instructions and demonstrate specific examples of how to take advantage of cutting-edge capabilities, classifying the LLM capabilities from experimental to highly useful. I argue that researchers can reap significant productivity gains by taking advantage of generative AI to automate a growing number of tasks. Moreover, these gains will continue to increase as the performance of AI systems continues to improve. I also speculate on the longer-term implications of AI-powered cognitive automation for research.